The growth of the civic organizations coming from participation defined, guided, controlled, and regulated by the party-state. The state is permitting new semi-official organizations to register and develop. Still, their political influence in the Chinese government is controlled and regulated. Both the “administrative society” and “administrative state” have remained unchanged in the party-state system, despite the establishment and acceptance of new organizations.
Security forces, both regular and armed, have been greatly strengthened. Armed with special security equipment and surveillance equipment, the police have become an instrument of the Party Central Military Commission to remove political opposition.
Social class has also undergone a change in post-Mao China. The simplicity of the old “black” and “red” system of classification has now become 10 stratum and 5 social classes. One’s status and class are now dependent on economic, organizational, and cultural resources. Although there are new social classes in China, the rigid rural-urban division remains.
The CPC has officially implemented village elections to improve the governance of villages. This was to encourage villagers to be involved in political, cultural, and economic activities. However, the village leaders are usually township appointed and party members.
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